there is no point in discussing this. One might equally well discuss the effect on the powers in 3:22 of their subjection to the risen Christ. In my original research on 1 Pet 3:19, two books were particularly helpful. The first was that of Karl Gschwind.9 This work was written as long ago as 1911. It had been largely neglected and in more recent scholarly discussion is still neglected. For all that, it contains a valuable treatment of our text, acute in its criticism of other views, original and